止血帶在使用時有哪些需要注意的？
止血帶是用于四肢大出血急救時簡單、有效的止血方法，它通過壓迫血管阻斷血流達(dá)到止血目的。止血帶的材質(zhì)以橡皮條或橡皮管為好，不宜用布帶、電線等無彈性的帶子。綁扎位置應(yīng)在傷口的上方(近心端)，并盡量靠近傷口，以上臂的上1/3和大腿中上部為宜。小腿和前臂不能用止血帶，因該處有兩根骨頭，血管正好走在兩骨之間，起不到壓迫血管的作用。上臂的中下1/3部位亦不能上止血帶，因它可能引起神經(jīng)損傷而致手臂癱瘓?？蛇x擇寬度至少5厘米(2英寸)的布帶，當(dāng)作止血帶來使用。如果被迫使用更窄的線(電線或者是繩索)的話，必須墊上折疊多層的布料，以減少不適感，避免損傷神經(jīng)或者肌肉。
使用注意事項(xiàng)：
1、止血帶阻斷血液流動，捆扎的時間過長會造成嚴(yán)重?fù)p傷甚至導(dǎo)致肢體壞死。
2、止血帶只能用于捆扎四肢，忌捆扎頭部、頸部或軀干部。
3、不要遮住捆扎在肢體上的止血帶。
4、檢查血液的循環(huán)情況。繃帶包扎完畢后，應(yīng)經(jīng)常檢查腳趾或者手指，觀察末端是否有發(fā)紺、皮溫下降等現(xiàn)象。如果有應(yīng)該松開，否則可引起組織壞死。
5、使用不當(dāng)或使用時間過長，可造成遠(yuǎn)端肢體缺血、壞死，造成殘廢，為此，只有在出血劇烈，用其它方法不能止血時才能應(yīng)用。
Tourniquet is a simple and effective hemostatic method for massive bleeding of limbs. It can stop bleeding by blocking blood flow through compression of blood vessels. The material of tourniquet is rubber strip or rubber tube, and inelastic tape such as cloth tape and wire should not be used. The binding position should be above the wound (proximal to the heart) and as close to the wound as possible, the upper 1/3 of the upper arm and the middle and upper thigh are appropriate. You can't use a tourniquet on the leg or forearm, because there are two bones and the blood vessels run right between them and don't compress the blood vessels. A tourniquet should not be applied to the middle and lower 1/3 of the upper arm, as it may cause nerve damage and paralysis of the arm. Choose a cloth band at least 5 cm (2 inches) wide for hemostasis. If you are forced to use narrower wires (wires or ropes), layers of fabric must be folded to reduce discomfort and avoid nerve or muscle damage.
Precautions for use:
1. Tourniquet blocks blood flow, which may cause serious injury or even limb necrosis if tied for too long.
2. Tourniquet can only be used to bind limbs, not head, neck or trunk.
3. Do not cover the tourniquet tied around your limbs.
4. Check the circulation of blood. After bandaging, check toes or fingers frequently to see if the ends have cyanosis or skin temperature drop. If there is, it should be released, otherwise it may cause tissue necrosis.
5, improper use or use for too long, can cause distal limb ischemia, necrosis, resulting in disability, therefore, only in severe bleeding, with other methods can not be applied when bleeding.